About Laurel/History of Laurel

The year 1870 marked the beginning of Laurel's incorporation as a town. That is the year the General Assembly of Maryland passed an act to "put Laurel on its own," so to speak. The Act was signed by Governor Oden Bowie on April 4, 1870.

Laurel, however, had its beginnings long before the General Assembly of Maryland bestowed its charter. Located in the apex of Prince George's County, 28 miles distant from its county seat, Laurel has progressed without very much assistance from county sources ever since it has been "on its own," so capable has it been of solving its own problems. In spite of its rise near the turn of the century as the most important city in Prince George's County, a status it is once again approaching, it has often been referred to as "an orphan" of the county. Its existence and operation and complete independence as a corporate entity, one time led the late Capt. Vinton D. Cockey, a former county commissioner and well-known land surveyor and engineer, to promote the idea that "Laurel should be carved out of Prince George's County and become a county of its own."

Many former and present residents have contributed to the content of this document. There May be areas which lack depth of coverage. There may be names and dates and places omitted. Fading memories, inadequate chronicling of events as they occurred, lack of time for extended research, and limited staff and space we offer as reasons. We have deliberately dealt more with its early history than its recent, for the latter is easily accessible to the inquisitive.

And people make the history of any town. In the case of Laurel, we hope we have peeled away enough patina to bestow pride in her past and faith in her future.

--Gertrude L. Poe

(Reprinted from the 1870 - 1970 Centennial Historical Souvenir Booklet. Much of the information contained in this Web Site is derived from this publication)

Early History

By James C. Wilfong, Jr.

The Story of Laurel is essentially a story of people. As a municipality, it is not old, as Marylanders measure such matters. From the point of view of early settlement, however, it is extremely so. Only a scant generation separated the landing of the Calverts at St. Mary's City in 1634 and the arrival of Richard Snowden. "The Immigrant," to occupy his 10,000 acres stretching westward from South River in northern Anne Arundel County well into what--more than a century later--would be Montgomery. St. Mary's County was erected in 1637. Calvert followed thirteen years later. In the same year Anne Arundel came into being. By 1658 Charles had become a political entity. Not until 1695 did Prince George's take form from a realignment of Calvert and Charles.

Richard Snowden, Friend, came to the friendly shores of Maryland from Wales in 1658 and the fact that his generous grant of land lay almost a hundred miles north of the Calverts' landing place tells something of the character of the early Marylander. Settlement literally raced up the shoreline of navigable rivers and bays and to the credit of the Maryland Colonial a contributing factor was the generally peaceful relationship existing with native Indian tribes. Captain Henry Fleet, trader, explorer, translator extraordinary and tower of strength to the Calverts on their arrival had lived among the Indians for years and known the Potomac intimately up to the head of Tidewater where Georgetown now stands. He counseled the Calverts well and was rewarded in 1635 with West St. Mary's Manor, Maryland's first recorded land grant.

Thanks to the absence of military aggressiveness by the Maryland colonizers a generally peaceful relationship existed.

It was, then, a rather peaceful area that awaited Richard Snowden in 1658. We read, here and there, of the changing nature of our Port Tobacco Creeks, the Eastern Branch of the Anacostia River and the silting of the upper reaches of the mighty Patuxent. One may place credence in such speculative recording; Richard Snowden erected his home, not on the bank of the South River where some shoreline was his, but very near the Patuxent, southeast of today's Laurel. In the middle 17th century, access to navigable streams was urgent and necessary. There were no roads of importance, nor would there be for another century. Only the waterways permitted reasonable mobility.

Laurel was not yet, but as successive generations of Snowdens took up the reins of the family fortunes the advent of the other became inevitable. A third Richard Snowden became sole owner of the family's shared iron enterprise and all of his life he was identified as Richard Snowden, "the Iron Master" , or "The Iron Monger". One finds both in the early records. This Richard died in 1763.

Laurel had been settled in the 18th or early 19th century as "Laurel Factory" a designation it retained until June 14, 1875, when it officially took its present name. The Snowdens had very early established an iron works along the Patuxent and then expanded, later, into mills and factories.

In 1824 Nicholas Snowden established a cotton mill which employed a hundred persons and flourished with typical Snowden success. This was expanded to include a main factory of woolen hats, another turning out blankets and a saw mill. With the death of Snowden on March 8, 1831, business conditions in Laurel deteriorated. The vast Snowden holdings of six thousand acres were divided among the numerous heirs. Dr. and Mrs. Jenkins presented 69 acres of their own portion to Georgetown College in 1849-50. This choice land represents most of Laurel's present day business district.

Horace Capron who had married Louisa Snowden erected the Patuxent Cotton Manufacturing Co. in 1835 with the aid of his brother-in-law, Dr. Jenkins and O.C. Tiffany and Co. Capitalized at more than a quarter million dollars -- a princely sum for those days -- the project thrived for twenty years and gave employment to five hundred townspeople. Tragically, it burned to the ground in 1855, but was rebuilt and continued on until obsolescence necessitated its removal in the mid 1940's.

With the construction of its mills, it must be accepted that the first half of the 19th century witnessed a building boom, with some 500 mill workers to be housed. To the credit of some city planner of long ago, lot lines and thoroughfares were established and strictly observed. This can be noted by the few surviving mill houses at the west end of Main Street. We are not told by written town records the nature of Laurel's local government in these early days. Quite likely there was none; the complexities of the times were few as we note our complexities today. When the mills, which represented the chief employment of the community burned in 1855, Laurel sank into a lethargic decline.

In 1870, Laurel left its fledgling status and took on the rights and responsibilities of incorporated government. Maps of the day would designate the wheelwright and the blacksmith as highly important persons in the economy.

The original incorporation stipulated "Commissioners of Laurel" with five elected representatives serving as such. These were :

James Curley
Edward J. Phelps
George W. Kellog
Joseph A. Miles
John A. Talbott

Mr. Curley was elected President of the first board. It is of interest that his grandson, James P. Curley was a later Mayor and also that Edward Phelps, son of Edward J. held the same office seven times. For twenty years this form of government functioned to the satisfaction of local residents.

In 1890, by act of the Maryland Legislature, Laurel was incorporated a second time by amendment with Mayor and City Council and divided into three wards. Also in 1890, agitation for an electric power plant, privately operated, and extended street paving projects met with success and water and sewer improvements followed shortly after.

In 1937, Postmaster General James H. Farley, in dedicating a new Laurel Post Office, pointed out that just one hundred years earlier in a similar dedication with Edward Snowden as Postmaster, this had been Laurel Factory. Not until June 14, 1875, was the name shortened to Laurel.

In 1899, on the northeast corner of Montgomery and Eighth Streets, was built the FIRST HIGH SCHOOL IN PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY. If ever there was a story of obstacles overcome by one man's determination it is that of Laurel's seven-times Mayor, Edward Phelps, in pursuance of this project. When the low bidder failed to give bond and declined to proceed with the contract, Edward Phelps himself assumed the risk of putting up the school at the low-bid price and lost a thousand dollars of his own money in doing so. As long as this 1899 school building stands, the civic-mindedness of Laurel's Edward Phelps will need no other attestation.

They served the Town as Officials . . .

In the belief that the names of many of the commissioners, Mayors and city councilmen of bygone days will still have great interest to Laurel people generally, as well as to the relatives who still continue to live in the locality, we are publishing here all that are available:

April 25, 1872	April 7, 1873
Commissioners: George Wheeler George W. Kellogg Robert Pilson George Tiffany President Board of Commissioners: James A. Crandle	Commissioners: David G. McCurdy A.D. Luber George Shorts William A. Pritchard President Board of Commissioners: Walter Brown
May 6, 1874	May 10, 1875
Commissioners: George W. Kellogg Edward J. Phelps John A. Talbott Charles W. Baldwin President Board of Commissioners: William H. Diven	Commissioners: Charles W. Baldwin George W. Kellogg Edward J. Phelps John A. Talbott President Board of Commissioners: John A. Talbott
May 1, 1876	May 25, 1877
Commissioners: Charles W. Baldwin Charles F. Shaffer James W. Moorehead Henry McEwing President Board of Commissioners: Edward J. Phelps	Commissioners: Charles F. Shaffer Henry McEwing Joseph A. Miles Charles W. Baldwin President Board of Commissioners: Edward J. Phelps
May 20, 1878	May 5, 1879
Commissioners: Frank A. Smith Charles W. Baldwin William H. Diven Joseph A. Miles/E.W. Newman President Board of Commissioners: John Haslup	Commissioners: L.A. Ellis Charles H. Stanley C.A. Pritchard Henry McEwing President Board of Commissioners: John W. Whitesides
May 13, 1880	May 10, 1881
Commissioners: Dr. John Cronmiller Charles H. Stanley Lawrence Ellis Montague L. Richardson President Board of Commissioners: John W. Whitesides	Commissioners: John W. Whitesides Dr. John Cronmiller Charles H. Stanley Montague L. Richardson President Board of Commissioners: Lawrence A. Ellis
May 10, 1882	May 9, 1883
Commissioners: John W. Whitesides Henry C. Frost William Milstead Edward J. Phelps President Board of Commissioners: Dr. John Cronmiller	Commissioners: Edward J. Phelps Albinas Conway William Harrison Thomas W. Young President Board of Commissioners: Dr. John Cronmiller
May 7, 1884	May 13, 1885
Commissioners: Edward J. Phelps John W. Whitesides Thomas W. Young A.M. Bond President Board of Commissioners: Dr. John Cronmiller	Commissioners: William Milstead, Jr. C.W. Baldwin John Haslup Henry C. Frost President Board of Commissioners: Dr. John Cronmiller
May 5, 1886	May 7, 1887
Commissioners: H.W. Thies Edward Phelps E. Baker Carr William H. Diven President Board of Commissioners: A. M. Bond	Commissioners: Edward Phelps E. Baker Carr William H. Diven H. W. Thies President Board of Commissioners: A. M. Bond
May 9, 1888	1889
Commissioners: E. Baker Carr C.W. Bond S.P. Keller W.G. Beall President Board of Commissioners: Jesse Smallwood	MISSING
April 8, 1890	April 8, 1891
Council: R.L. Wallach, President Edward Phelps John D. Chollar J.S. Brown George Marshall Theodore Morrison Lucien Cole B.F. Crabbs (elected President 2/16/1891) H.W. Morrison, Jr. Mayor: Judson T. Cull	Council: John D. Chollar, President W.B. Beall Benjamin Owens Joseph Miles Frank W. Awalt Harry McEwing Edward Phelps Jesse Smallwood John W. Jackson Mayor: Charles H. Stanley
April 6, 1892	April 5, 1893
Council: A.L. Luber, President Edward Phelps C.W. Bond John D. Chollar Joseph Miles Frank W. Awalt Elwood N. Fisher W.B. Beall Benjamin Owens Mayor: Charles H. Stanley	Council: F.W. Awalt, President D.L. Sakers William Crockett William Cronmiller Smith Armstrong Elwood W. Fisher A.L. Luber C.W. Bond Edward Phelps Mayor: J.R Huntt
April 4, 1894	April 3, 1895
Council: P.P. Castle, President R.W. Kerr James Federline H.W. Thies M.F. Schooley C.E. Phelps Mayor: Gustavus B. Timanus	Council: M.F. Schooley, President E. Burke Carr John W. Sharswood H.W. Thies Albin F. Fairall (completed James Federline's term) Mayor: Edward Phelps
April 8, 1896	April 5, 1897
Council: Arthur F. Nicholson James P. Curley Plummer W. Carr Dr. Thomas M. Baldwin Robert W. Kerr Mayor: Edward Phelps	Council: Robert W. Kerr, President Dr. T.M. Baldwin T. Harry O'Brien James A. Brown Plummer W. Carr Mayor: Edward Phelps
April 11, 1898	April 13, 1899
Council: Robert W. Kerr, President Charles Frothingham Thomas M. Baldwin T. Harry O'Brien James A. Brown Plummer W. Carr Mayor: Edward Phelps	Council: Thomas M. Baldwin, President Calvin W. Donaldson E. Burke Carr Charles Frothingham James A. Brown Mayor: Edward Phelps
April 4, 1900	1901
Council: Frank W. Awalt, President Theodore Sakers John Haslup J.C. Howell Benjamin Owens Mayor: Edward Phelps	Council: Frank W. Awalt, President William H. Mullican Theodore Sakers J.C. Howell Benjamin Owens Mayor: Edward Phelps
April 28, 1902	1903
Council: Gilbert A. Haslup, President Walter Martin Robert L. Frye H.W. Thies James A. Brown Mayor: Gustavus Timanus	Council: Gilbert A. Haslup, President James A. Brown H.W. Thies George W. Waters, Jr. Robert L. Frye Mayor: Gustavus Timanus
April 20, 1904	April 18, 1906
Council: Gilbert A. Haslup, President James W. Travers John W. O'Brien H.W. Thies James A. Brown Mayor: Gustavus Timanus/T. Watts Byerly (Byerly completed Term 7/10/05)	Council: Auguste Faure, President LePage Cronmiller Edward Phelps William H. Dorsey Calvin W. Donaldson Mayor: William E. Gilbert
April 22, 1908	April 18, 1910
Council: LePage Cronmiller, President Edward Phelps W. H. Dorsey Calvin W. Donaldson John F. Palmer Mayor: William E. Gilbert	Council: William H. Dorsey, President Howard F. Harrison Edward Phelps John F. Palmer H.W. Thies Mayor: William E. Gilbert/George P. McCeney (On Dec 12, 1910, George P. McCeney became the mayor upon the resignation of William E. Gilbert. McCeney completed Term 12/12/10)
April 7, 1912	April 20, 1914
Council: John R. Jones, President Edmund B. Carr L. Clinton Donaldson Albert L. Gosnell Elwood N. Fisher Mayor: George W. Waters, Jr.	Council: L. Clinton Donaldson, President Edmund B. Carr (Died 4/6/15) Gilbert A. Haslup Albert L. Gosnell Elwood N. Fisher Mayor: George W. Waters, Jr.
April 17, 1916	April 15, 1918
Council: William H. Dorsey, President DeWilton H. Donaldson Harry H. Knight George W. Alcorn Elwood N. Fisher Mayor: George W. Waters, Jr.	Council: DeWilton Donaldson, President Henry M. Scott John W. O'Brien George W. Alcorn E. W. Pearre Mayor: George P. McCeney
April 22, 1920	April 17, 1922
Council: Edward F. Tolson, President L. Clinton Donaldson Charles D. Godfrey William H. Dorsey Thomas D. Roberts/ Howard Boteler(10/11/20) Charles E. Little (succeeded Tolson) Mayor: William E. Gilbert/Edward F. Tolson (12/14/20 Tolson became Mayor)	Council: William H. Dorsey, President Ernest R. Harrison William E. Beall E. Roy Hill Mayor: Charles E. Little
April 21, 1924	April 19, 1926
Council: DeWilton Donaldson, President Charles H. Lilley Ernest R. Harrison John O. Sharswood John H. Fetty Mayor: Thomas D. Roberts/ DeWilton H. Donaldson (October 1925 )	Council: John H. Fetty, President E. Calvin Donaldson Charles H. Lilley Bert Ayton Lee E. Gilbert Walter Lanahan Mayor: DeWilton Donaldson
April 16, 1928	April 21, 1930
Council: Walter D. Lanahan, President E. Calvin Donaldson Charles H. Lilley Bert Ayton David Schaffer, Jr. Mayor: James P. Curley	Council: William H. Dorsey, President Walter D. Lanahan Charles R. Reeley E.C. Parks Herman P. Millard Mayor: John H. Fetty
April 18, 1932	April 16, 1934
Council: Bert Ayton, President Walter D. Lanahan Charles R. Reeley DeWilton H. Donaldson Charles H. Lilley Mayor: John H. Fetty	Council: DeWilton Donaldson, President Bert Ayton Everard E. Hatch/E. Claude Gaylor (Replaced Hatch 10/29/35) Charles H. Lilley Charles R. Reeley Mayor: Julian B. Anderson
April 20, 1936	1938
Council: Bert Ayton, President Maynard L. Ward Charles R. Reeley G. Bowie McCeney Charles H. Lilley Mayor: Everard E. Hatch	Council: Bert Ayton, President Edward F. Tolson Charles R. Reeley Maynard L. Ward Charles H. Lilley Mayor: Everard E. Hatch
1940	April 20, 1942
Council: Bert Ayton, President Hiram Soper G. Bowie McCeney Maynard L. Ward Charles H. Lilley Mayor: Edward F. Tolson	Council: DeWilton Donaldson, President John H. Fetty Thomas B. Israel Maynard L. Ward Charles A. St. Clair Mayor: Edward F. Tolson
April 17, 1944	April 15, 1946
Council: DeWilton Donaldson John H. Fetty Thomas B. Israel Maynard L. Ward Charles A. St. Clair Mayor: Edward F. Tolson	Council: Bert Ayton, President Norris C. Beall James B. Turney J. Gilbert White W. LeRoy Armstrong Mayor: John H. Fetty
April 26, 1948	April 24, 1950
Council: W. LeRoy Armstrong, President Norris C. Beall Maynard L. Ward James B. Turney J. Gilbert White Mayor: Merrill L. Harrison	Council: J. Gilbert White, President Norris C. Beall Maynard L. Ward James B. Turney W. LeRoy Armstrong Mayor: Merrill L. Harrison
April 21, 1952	April 21, 1954
Council: Hiram J. Soper, President Harry Hardingham, Jr. Carlisle F. Cook C. Philip Nichols Ruth R. Sussman Mayor: Merrill L. Harrison	Council: Hiram J. Soper, President Charles L. Scott Henry M. Scott J. Gilbert White Ruth R. Sussman Mayor: Harry Hardingham, Jr.
April 18, 1956	April 23, 1958
Council: Hiram J. Soper, President Henry M. Scott Henry W. Schlosser, Jr. Alton M. Donaldson Ruth R. Sussman Mayor: Harry Hardingham, Jr.	Council: Henry M. Scott, President P.G. Melbourne (Replaced Scott) Henry W. Schlosser, Jr. Thomas F. Murphy Ruth R. Sussman, President (Upon resignation of Scott) Alton M. Donaldson Mayor: Hiram J. Soper
April 20, 1960	March 21, 1962
Council: Alton M. Donaldson, President Thomas F. Murphy P.G. Melbourne, III Henry W. Schlosser, Jr. Ruth R. Sussman Mayor: Hiram J. Soper	Council: Merrill L. Harrison, President Henry M. Scott Elmer E. Donaldson Dr. John R. Buell Leo E. Wilson Mayor: P. G. Melbourne, III
1964	1966
Council: Dr. John R. Buell, President Henry M. Scott Thomas F. Murphy Henry W. Schlosser, Jr. Leo E. Wilson Mayor: Merrill L. Harrison	Council: Henry W. Schlosser, Jr., President Robert Kluckhuhn John Brady Ronald E. Davies Leo E. Wilson Mayor: Merrill L. Harrison
1968	1970
Council: John D. Brady, President Henry W. Schlosser, Jr. Robert Kluckhuhn Ronald E. Davies Leo E. Wilson Mayor: Merrill L. Harrison	Council: Leo Wilson, President M. Peggy Anderson Frank P. Casula Ronald E. Davies John D. Brady Mayor: Merrill L. Harrison
1972	1974
Council: Frank P. Casula, President John D. Brady John M. Barron/Dr. John Buell (Buell completed Term) Aramus C. Neil M. Peggy Anderson Mayor: Leo E. Wilson (Incumbent)	Council: Frank P. Casula, President Robert J. DiPietro (Completed Casula Term) M. Peggy Anderson James E. Cross, III D. Craig Horn Aramus C. Neil, President Mayor: Leo E. Wilson
1976	1978
Council: D. Craig Horn, President Robert J. DiPietro James Alexander Forsyth James E. Cross, III Frank Max Salinger Mayor: Leo E. Wilson (Incumbent)	Council: James E. Cross, III, President Warren R. Marton, Jr. Richard D. Rice Lynn S. Roehrich D. Craig Horn Mayor: Robert J. DiPietro
1980	1982
Council: James E. Cross, III, President Dani Duniho H. Edward Ricks Hal Ammann Lynn S. Roehrich Mayor: Robert J. DiPietro (Incumbent)	Council: James E. Cross, III, President Dani Duniho H. Edward Ricks Hal Ammann Dr. Corlette C. Calvert Mayor: Robert J. DiPietro
1984	1986
Council: H. Edward Ricks, President Dani Duniho Frank G. Persico Dr. Corlette C. Calvert William G. Grenier, Jr. Mayor: Robert J. DiPietro (Incumbent)	Council: Dr. Corlette C. Calvert, President Frank G. Persico William G. Grenier, Jr. Tim Abell H. Edward Ricks Mayor: Dani Duniho
1988	1990
Council: William G. Grenier, Jr., President Joseph R. Robison Stephen P. Turney Dr. Corlette C. Calvert Craig A. Moe Mayor: Dani Duniho (Incumbent)	Council: Stephen P. Turney, President Craig A. Moe Linda L.S. Schulte Terry Martin William G. Grenier, Jr. Jeanne Proto (completed Martin Term) Mayor: Joseph R. Robison
1992	1994
Council: Linda L.S. Schulte, President Robert S. Stahley Reginald A. Parks Faith C. Calhoun Bruce M. Dodgson Mayor: Joseph R. Robison (Incumbent)	Council: Faith C. Calhoun, President Bruce M. Dodgson Charles A. Hulberg Craig A. Moe Patricia (Ott) Howard Mayor: Frank P. Casula

1996	1998
Council: Craig A. Moe, President Michael R. Leszcz Faith C. Calhoun C. Michael Walls Patricia J. Howard Mayor: Frank P. Casula (Incumbent)	Council: Michael R. Leszcz, President Craig A. Moe C. Michael Walls Regina "Jean" Dean Paul D. Duncan Mayor: Frank P. Casula
2000	2002
Council: Michael R. Leszcz (Succeeded to Mayor) G. Rick Wilson (Appointed 11/14/2001) Craig A. Moe C. Michael Walls, President Paul Ellis Faith C. Calhoun Mayor: Frank P. Casula (Incumbent)(Died In office) Michael R. Leszcz, (Sworn 10/22/01)	Council: Michael R. Leszcz, President G. Rick Wilson Janis L. Robison Frederick Smalls Michael B. Sarich Mayor: Craig A. Moe
2004	2006
Council: Michael R. Leszcz, President Gayle Snyder Janis L. Robison Frederick Smalls Michael B. Sarich Mayor: Craig A. Moe	Council: Frederick Smalls, President Gayle Snyder Janis L. Robison Michael B. Sarich Michael R. Leszcz Mayor: Craig A. Moe

Pride In Our Past . . .

The Official Seal of Laurel was adopted by the Mayor and City Council in our Centennial Year of 1970.

An examination of the emblem will reveal branches of a Laurel bush on either side of a kingly crown that bespeaks the original British allegiance of the Calvert's and other early settlers of Maryland. The snowdrop and strawberry in the crown are pictorial representations of the interrelated Snowden and Capron names. The Snowden's needing no introduction and Horace Capron being the internationally famous resident who, while he lived here in the 1840's shook us out of our lethargy and made Laurel Factory a well-known agricultural and commercial Maryland town. The clasped hands signify brotherhood, and the triangle reminds all that Laurel pinpoints the conjunction of Prince George's, Anne Arundel, and Howard Counties. The silhouetted lion and its fleur-de-lis decorations are taken whole from the Prince George's County seal and flag. The anvil proclaims the early Snowden preoccupation with mining and smelting iron, and the sheaf of wheat the cog wheeled gristmill that eventuated into a major commercial site. The horse and knight remind all that Laurel's racetrack and nearby military and other Governmental installations have given the town's name new celebrity in modern times. The motto "Progressio Per Populum" is the Latin way of saying Progress Through People (rather than through luck or happenstance).

City of Laurel, Maryland